A key concept I don’t hear so much within this conversation is “populism.” It seems like populism is effectively the tribalism of those who feel disenfranchised by the current economic and political system, and who are willing to “burn it down” since they believe (correctly or not) that they have nothing to lose. Populism seems to just be an anti-establishment and anti-elite cultural sentiment, rather than a coherent set of ideological beliefs. The greater the economic inequality and cultural disorder in a democratic country, the greater the appeal of populism as a political tool. Populism can be used as a vehicle for State authoritarianism in the “law and order” sense, to impose the “traditional” moral or metaphysical doctrines of one group on another, or to justify the State sanctioned destruction of wealth. As a Classical Liberal, I’d argue that the excesses of populism are precisely what a well-designed government needs to curb if a pluralist, liberal democracy wants to survive.

